Cyber-crime Bill and freedom of expression by rajesh kumar article

Cyber-crime Bill and freedom of expression

Article

Rajesh Kumar oad

Roll no:78

The prevention of Electronic Crimes Bill (PECB) or Cybercrime bill 2015 has been passed by senate on 12^th August 2016, after long controversy. The bill has been adopted and became law after signatured by president. To be noted that Prevention bill for Electronic Crime was tabled by Ministry of I.T before National Assembly in 2015 and passed on14th April.

In the modern world where world has been becoming global village and people are connected through internet to the whole world, while in the Pakistan where technology is not developed as much, where there is need of awareness and social literacy but here people are always restricted to say and from getting information. like some time ago ban on YouTube by the government but  people still found ‘other’  ways to use it as it has wealth of information on any topic. From students to professionals find it easir way to learn from it. And in this cyberspace world there are some people who find a way  as government and cyber-space security agencies cannot restrict the people from getting to whatever information is available on the internet.

Once again to suppress the freedom through complicated and vague cyber-crime bill has been passed by government. Intellectuals and different organizations considering this cybercrime bill as ‘Draconian’ which suppress the freedom of expression and limits the reach of information to ordinary users of internet. internet i.e. on social media where people express their ideas, opinion freely about everyone now must be careful and can come under any law as other forms of media already restricted such as print or electronic media. People also considering it against democratic rights as there are no clarification in the many sections in prescribed cyber crime bill.

Some features of the bill up to three years’ imprisonment, Rs 1million fine or both for unauthorized access to critical infrastructure access or data. Up to seven years’ prison 10 million fine or both for an offence relating to terrorism, any person convicted of a crime relating to terrorism. Up to six months’ imprisonment, Rs50 thousand or both producing, supplying or importing a device for use in an offence. three years’ imprisonment, Rs 5 million or both for obtaining, selling or using another person’s identity information without authorization and many other punishments on doing crime.

After 55 amendments, these are some features of bill considered to restrict people from doing crime, is this what really Pakistan needed to control cyber crime? Such strict laws? This countries lawmakers seriously need a break, as they are turning democratic country into autocratic one.

  digital rights activists in pakistan are much concerned about this bill.

 On the basis of crime, there are different punishment suggested. How this bill is considered as better for the society to stop crime in which there is imprisonment for a child of 10 years! Like this, definitely it will create panic  among the public or institutes that they won’t be able talk openly against state or its institutes. which we can say is useful for the state to use this bill politically or to achieve political interests which is against the basic human rights actually. We know that many people exploit the freedom or due to lack of media literacy say many things about the institutions concerned with establishment or state that they shouldn’t do, but definitely public have to talk or discuss, if there are flaws or bad governance in the state as the criticism is backbone for the democratic societies to reform and improve their situation.

it is the responsibility of state to protect the rights of every citizen and secure freedom as constitution of Pakistan guarntees freedom of speech to its every citizen. If this ‘draconian’ law, misused will bring unwanted consequences for Pakistani society and will also increase the knowledge gap among the people as the internet and social media are good information sources of the people.

 That is why, not only few political parties, human rights organizations, people concerned with civil society but people using internet especially social media users are opposing and fearing that it would target them, because it is seemed as against freedom of speech.

Ahsan Pervaiz Khan Article

is this topic approved????

Name: Ahsan Pervaiz Khan

Roll no: 2k14/mc/03 

BS-III

Article: Computer market Hyderabad.

Computer Market Hyderabad

In Sindh, there are many computer markets in Karachi, Hyderabad, Mirpurkhas, Sukkar and Larkana and many other cities of Sindh. Computer market Hyderabad is one of the big market in Hyderabad. It located in saddar Hyderabad.

There are approximately 150 computer repairment shops, where different parts of computer are repaired. The shops are near to each other. Every parts of computer are available there; just like mouse , keyboard , printer , scanner , desktop , C.P.U , computer power cables , RAMS , Hard disk , Mother board , Speakers ,DVD and CD ROMS and many others computer parts are available there. And these things are also repaired there. These all parts are available in different varieties or companies like China, Korea, Japan and as well as Pakistan. These all parts are comes for Karachi and in Karachi the parts comes from different countries of the world.

This is a big market which is open about whole day that is, 11:00 am to 12:00 a.m. This is a busy market where all the things are available in cheap prices. The parking area of the computer market Hyderabad is very good. The vehicles are parked in a proper way. The vehicles like motor bike are charged with rupees 10 by the authority of market. And the big vehicles like car and vans are charged with rupees 20. The vehicles are saved with any unlawful activities because the guards are there to watch the peoples.

The location of the market is very good. The market is double story. There are two gates in the computer market for entrance and as well as for exit. Near the computer market Hyderabad, there are jewellary shops, boutique shops and several restaurants like garrison, subway and many others. Through these all shops the market location looks very well. Computer market is a very well-known market of Sindh. It is a very old market. Near this market there is a Zebra Shop. It is a famous shop of laptop accessories and as well as computer. 

Some of the popular shops in computer market Hyderabad are: Mahalaxmi computers, Systron, Taluka computers, Kompuserve, Computer Collection, Nisha computers, Ganapati computers. A basic PC with a reasonably good configuration — like 128 MB RAM, Celeron processor 1.2 GHz, 52X CD-ROM and a 14" color monitor with a few other accessories — can be bought here for as low as Rs. 17,000-Rs. 20,000 or even lower, as against the branded ones, which with relatively same configurations are available for about Rs. 35,000-Rs. 40,000 in bigger stores. Among branded items in the computer stores of Hyderabad, laptops are available for Rs. 38,000, as the starting range. They undertake computer repair and upgradation works, and usually offer six-month warranty on damages to parts of those systems sold from here. Annual Maintenance Contract (AMC) is also offered by some of the stores.

CDs, digital speakers and diaries, sub-woofers, printer cartridges, head-cleaners, earphones, and speakerphones, along with special fiber optic cables among other accessories, are all sold there.

So this is the computer market of Hyderabad and it is very use full for the residence of Hyderabad.

Practical work was carried out under supervision of Sir Sohail Sangi, at Media & Communication Department, University of Sindh

Article by Ayoob Rajper

Article by Ayoob Rajper

Pak Turk Schools and the future of Pakistani students

When governments or individuals are bent upon doing every possible negative thing, to expect that they will ever think of doing something good is being unfair to oneself.

The coup in Turkey on 16^th July was weird. Weirder still is the reaction that has emanated from Erdogan. He’s closing down everything that moves. He’s even closing down the schools. Really weird.

Let’s leave beating about the bush aside and come to the point. Turkey has asked Pakistan to wrap up PakTurk Schools.

PakTurk school chain was established in 1995. The chain consists of 28 schools which are teaching 10000 students. 1500 employees are earning butter and bread from the schools. President Erdogon has closed 140 media channels and educational institutes in Turkey. He has shut down many welfare institutes run by Gullen. He has thrown many army men, journalists and students into jail. All this was done to purge Turkey of Gullen influence.

Turkey expects Pakistan to wrap all this up and send the students and employees home. What will Pakistan do? One can only fear.

Turkey thinks that PakTurk schools are influenced by Fethullah Gullen, a spiritual leader in exile who Turkey thinks was behind the failed coup. Turkey thinks its democracy is in danger due to these schools. Now what harm can a matric student studying in Jamshoro cause to Turkish democracy? It’s like you jail someone who was carrying a Khushwant Singh book and you feared he was an ideologue running the Khalistan movement. Common sense was never so extinct before.

Pakistan has already its own bag of problems to deal with. Terrorism has snatched Pakistan of its sleep and it’s doing everything to uproot it. Schools are one of the decent ways to rid the country of extremism. Now the country is being urged to close down the very schools.

PakTurk chain has clearly disowned Gullen’s influence. It says even if there has ever been any Gullen influence, it was for the betterment of education. It has no religious or political aim currently. It’s saying it has nothing to do with Gullen now and its only task is to provide education, and education alone. If PakTurk schools are closed, it will not only earn Turkey bad name, it’ll also cause Pakistan many problems so for as education is concerned.

A PakTurk official recently said that it was hard to understand as to how and 87-year-old exiled Gullen could cause any trouble for Erdogon.

Who is gullen? ,who should be erdogoen?non of pakturk'sstudent is concernt with their bussness .but the fate is not cordial always ,sometime state have to stand and face the  situation for the sake of political intrests and the pressure of effected country .

It would be embarrassing of the schools are closed. It would be too unfair to play with lives of so many students and employees. Someone should narrate the real story of a Japanese railway station (Kyu Shirtakai Station) where the whole train used to pick and drop the one and only student. Imagine a train commuting just for a single girl. Developed are those who have put in everything for education, and miserable are those who have turned their back to it.

article by Minhaj-ul-Islam

It is too general. write as topic was approved. Some reference of Pakistan. effects on other games etc. Some originlaity is required

“Pokemon Go” the game

Minhaj-ul-Islam

2k14/MC/150

“Pokemon Go” (stylized as Pokémon GO) is a free-to-play, location-based augmented reality game developed by Niantic for iOS and Android devices. It was initially released in selected countries in July 2016. In the game, players use a mobile device's GPS capability to locate, capture, battle, and train virtual creatures, called Pokemon, who appear on the screen as if they were in the same real-world location as the player. The game supports in-app purchases for additional in-game items.

“Pokemon Go” was released to mixed reviews, with critics praising the game's concept and the incentive to be more active in the real world.  It quickly became a global phenomenon and was one of the most used mobile apps, reportedly having been downloaded by more than 100 million people worldwide. It was credited with popularizing location-based and augmented reality gaming, as well as for promoting physical activity.

The game's extended launch began on July 6, 2016, with releases in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. Due to server strain from high demand upon release, CEO John Hanke stated that the release in most other regions was "paused until Niantic (Gaming company) was comfortable" fixing the issues. European releases started on July 13, and the game became available to most of the continent over the following ten days. The Japanese launch was initially reported to be on July 20. However, the game was delayed after a sponsorship deal with fast food chain McDonald's was leaked, instead releasing on July 22. Although the game was proposed to be released in France on July 15, it was postponed until July 24 out of respect and due to safety concerns following a terrorist attack.

"Pokemon Go" has raked in $200 million in net revenue globally on the App Store and Google Play in its first month, beating other top-earning games such as "Candy Crush" and "Clash Royale", according to the latest research. App intelligence firm Sensor Tower crunched the numbers on the first 30 days of the viral game where players have to hit the streets and catch Pokemon. Sensor Tower found that at the point when the game was launched in Japan on July 22, revenue growth accelerated significantly. As a comparison, "Clash Royale", which was released in early March, earned just under $125 million in its first 30 days. "Clash Royale" was made by Super cell, the company behind "Clash of Clans" which recently earned $8.6 billion.

"Pokemon Go" also earned more than seven times as in its first month as "Candy Crush Soda Saga", the viral hit which was released in 2014. Sensor Tower also notes that "Pokemon Go" was the fastest mobile game to reach 10 million downloads worldwide and users are spending around 26 minutes a day on average playing.

Iran has banned the Pokémon Go mobile gaming sensation, becoming the first country to do so over security concerns.

“Any game that wants to operate nationwide in Iran needs to obtain permission from the ministry of culture and Islamic guidance, and the Pokémon Go app has not yet requested such a permission,” Abolhasan Firouzabadi, the head of Iran’s supreme council of virtual space, told that the Iranian officials feel that security-wise, the game can create problems for the country and its people.

“Pokemon Go” is also a big reason behind the various accidents all around the world, because it is a game with the slogan of walk and catch, many people faced road accidents because of this game.

A major highway accident occurs in Massachusetts, when a 26 years old man stopped in the middle of the highway to catch a Pokemon.

Like-wise many other incidents of robbery, mobile snatching other stuff snatching and road accidents has occurred because of Pokemon Go game.

This is how the game is, people are getting habitual of this game on the one hand this game is considered as a good physical activity on the other hand this game is creating major problem for many countries and their citizens.

Plastic Bags article by anum

Start with some recent news, incident etc of plastic bag, for topics freshness and timeliness, otherwise it will look like essay. Who are the stakeholders in this  case? and how they can play their role? What is new? new info, new angle, aspect?

article

Plastic Bags

Anum

B.S-III-07

Plastic bags are use in every walk of life.

Plastic is everywhere  ,even in these items you may not expect it to be. As plastic is less expensive, it is one of the most widely available and overused item in the world today.

Eric fawcett and Reginald gibson are responsible for the creation of the plastic bags.

They are in use by the consumers since 1960.

In the 1960s’ plastics were becoming popular . Polyethylene, which today is one of the world’s most presenting plastics , had been created in 1898 and then again in 1939 but it was not until 1953 that anyone figured out has to make high density polyethylene plastic, generally used to make the type of grocery store plastic bags . These bags are also known as single use bags.

Open bags with carrying handles are used in large numbers nationwide. Plastic bags are used in various ways, they are used for many medical purposes, use to carry groceries from stores to home , as a trash bag , to save blood and blood platelets ,to store food in refrigerator , as a evidence bag, as a plastic body pack, as a snack chips bags etc.  in simple words we see and touch plastic bag everyday.

According to a survey approximately 12 millions plastic bags were used in Pakistan in 1990-1991 and this use to 43 billion in 2005 and in 2007 upto 5 billion . 2004’s study report estimated that based on figures available at that time , Pakistan would be using 112 billion plastic bags by 2015. 1 trillion plastic bags are used in one year worldwide.

Unfortunately most of the people in our society are not aware of the hazardious effects of plastic. When plastics reaches our waters whether it be plastic bags or drifting fish net , it poses a threat to the animals that depend on oceans for food.

Usually most of our domestic waste doesn’t go to landfill sites, due to a very poor system of collection of solid water, so these plastic bags and plastic products end up in the ocean.

In the oceans. The plastic is bleached  and breaks down into smaller and smaller granules which are swallowed by small fishes and marine animals, which ultimately has its hazardous effect on the food chain. Plastic bags are never biodegrade but they do break down .As they do so, any toxic additives they contain including flame retardants, antimicrobials  and plasticizers will be released into the environment. Many of these chemicals may disrupt the endocrine system the delicately balanced set of hormones and gland s that affect virtually oxygen and cell in the bodies of humans and animals.

Plastic bags are especially harmful to marine animals and are one of the most common garbage items on beaches. In marine environment many animals eat plastic mistakenly as jelly fish for food including see turtles . One in there sea turtles have plastic in their stomach most often a plastic bag.

One in these animal bodies the plastic bio accumulates and chemicals can cause excess estrogen to be produced , which has led to the discoverers of male fish will female sex organs. For sea turtle , the plastic bodies their digestive tract and the food that is trapped releases gases that render them buoyant and unable to dive for food.

Besides this, in Pakistan , people burn plastic bags along with other solid wastes in cities and villages , burning of such waste is very harmful for health . it can increase the risk of heart diseases, aggravate respiratory ailments such as asthma , emphysema and cause rashes , nausea and headaches , damages in the nervous system , kidney or liver in the reproductive and development system.

Open burning of plastic bags and plastic waste degrade the environment.

By knowing such harmful effects of plastic bags few attempts have  been made in the past to ban them.in 2006, sale and purchase of them plastic bags was banned in Karachi and in 2003, the Islamabad capital territory also banned sale and purchase of thin plastic bags.

In august 2015, KPK chief minister Pervaiz khattak  had ordered a ban on the manufacturing and use of polyethene shopping bags in KPK province, feeling such bags cause chocking of sanitation system and environmental degradation. The ban wants to come into effect after two months.

Other provinces should also ban the use of plastic bags, because plastic bags are petroleum based and do not biodegrade. Plastic bags can be replace by reusable bags. Try and select items that come in non-plastic recycled and recyclable packaging . recycling plastic means that it is still plastic just being used for different purposes, therefore  you aren’t  actually reducing plastic amounts or exposure, even in the recycling process.

More efforts are needed to make Pakistan environmentally healthy. If all the plastic bag manufacturing industries in Pakistan start manufacturing these bags  with biodegradeable material , we will be able to save our environment.

Practical work carried out under supervision of Sir Sohail Sangi

article by tehniat (corrected and old piece)

CORRECTED

Tehniat Khan-Roll#99

Article. 

                      Dog bite

A very recent incident happened at my own home, my younger brother who is about 18 years old became a victim of a stray dog, a dog bitten my brother on his left feet and badly injured the fingers. We washed the wound and without wasting any single second immediately took him to the doctor. Firstly we went to Red Crescent Hospital which is located in Latifabad unit 6 but over there no treatment was offered and the administration came to us with an excuse of unavailability of vaccine which is injected after dog bites. Then we took him to Bhittai government hospital which is located in Latifabad unit 5 and again we heard the same excuse from them but over there we were informed that you must go to Civil Hospital, it’s the only hospital which is having vaccine.  We went there and after the doctor’s checkup my brother was vaccinated and they charged us 800 for the single dosage although it was a government hospital but we paid the amount of vaccination.

The failure of the successive governments in devising a national strategy for dog population control and proper treatment of dog-bite victims has resulted in a high loss of human lives over the years. About 150,000 people are injured by the stray dogs, while an amount of people dies due to rabies every year in the country. Still the disturbing fact that many of them die despite receiving the shots of locally made anti-rabies vaccine. “People usually get rabies from the bite of a rabid animal.  It is also possible, but quite rare, that people may get rabies if infectious mater from a rabid animal, such as saliva, gets directly into their eyes, nose and mouth. Corning into contact with the blood, urine or faeces of a rabid animal is not considered exposure to rabies and, therefore doesn’t require treatment.”

Talking about dogs in our very own province known as Sindh, the majority of the people had been bitten by stray dogs. Vaccination is only available at the certain well known major hospitals of the city. Like Karachi, the management of rabies cell set up at the Civil Hospital. The dog bite victims all over the Karachi report particularly in the month of June to November. According to the survey, 10 to 12 cases are reported daily, 90% of the victims are bitten by stray dogs whereas 70% of them have severe wounds.
The first aid is critical in animal bite cases and greatly reduces the risk of rabies. Before the dog-bite victim is taken to a hospital, the wound should be washed and scrubbed right away with flowing water and soap thoroughly. Since the virus is present in the saliva, this measure would minimize the risk of rabies. If soap is not available, one can use water. The wound should be allowed to bleed, which also helps in preventing infection. After the wound is thoroughly washed, spirit or tincture of iodine should be applied. The wound should then be covered lightly with a gauze and tape and the victim should be taken to a hospital right away.

A doctor should always avoid stitching the wound because it helps the virus to remain in the body and spread. Only if the wound is too big, the doctor should go for loose stitching. Secondly, the WHO recommended treatment should be asked for. This means the administration of Tissue Culture Vaccine (TCV) instead of Sheep Brain Vaccine (SBV). If the wound is severe, the victim should be immediately administered Rabies Immunoglobulin (RIG) and then TCV. The chance of the dog being infected with rabies reduces when it appears healthy, and there is a firm history of vaccination with a mini-mum of two immunizations with a potent rabies vaccine. On the other hand, treatment should be considered urgent if there is any possibility of the dog being rabid or has escaped or there is a doubt about its immunizations history.
“Once the Symptoms of rabies set in, there is no cure”
While the poor residing in  urban areas do find some relief as there are organizations and philanthropists working for poor patients’ welfare, the situation is alarming in rural areas. For instance Badin is amongst the worst hit area in the terms of dogs and snake bite cases.
A similar situation exists in Khairpur. Voicing concern at the apathy of the higher authorities, Shahab-Uddin Sheikh, EDO Health Khairpur, says, The NIH vaccine is always in short supply. If we ask for 200 vials they don't give us even 50. The imported vaccine is very expensive and we can't afford to buy them from our own budget. They should be a separate allocation for life-saving drugs as we had earlier, before the establishment of the local governments. Given the problems the dog-bite victims face, many believe that efforts towards preventing the disease should be initiated by targeting stray dogs, the main source of infection.

Though experts say that mass sterilization is the best technique to control dog population, many believe that it's not a viable option hero. "Though it's cruel to kill animals, unfortunately, it seems to be the only workable option here since the government does not have the expertise, staff and the money to sterilize dog population. Besides, sterilization will not prevent an infected dog from biting and transferring the rabies virus.
However, at the same time, it is necessary to make people feel that they should avoid provoking stray animals and they must teach children not to annoy stray dogs. After all there is some sense in 'letting sleeping dogs lie.'

Hyderabad cases? Start with some  fresh info, news, incident, report etc. 
 some portion is copy paste

Tehniat Khan-Roll#99

Article 

                      Dog bite

Though the loyalty of dogs towards their masters is an established fact, they can sometimes bite the hands that feed them. Dogs, whether pet or stray, are dangerous if they are not vaccinated against the 100% fatal disease rabies for which there is no cure in the world.

The failure of the successive governments in devising a national strategy for dog population control and proper treatment of dog-bite victims has resulted in a high loss of human lives over the years. About 150,000 people are injured by the stray dogs, while an amount of people dies due to rabies every year in the country. Still the disturbing fact that many of them die despite receiving the shots of locally made anti-rabies vaccine. “People usually get rabies from the bite of a rabid animal.  It is also possible, but quite rare, that people may get rabies if infectious mater from a rabid animal, such as saliva, gets directly into their eyes, nose and mouth. Corning into contact with the blood, urine or faeces of a rabid animal is not considered exposure to rabies and, therefore doesn’t require treatment.”

Talking about dogs in our very own province known as Sindh, the majority of the people had been bitten by stray dogs. Vaccination is only available at the certain well known major hospitals of the city. Like Karachi, the management of rabies cell set up at the Civil Hospital. The dog bite victims all over the Karachi report particularly in the month of June to November. According to the survey, 10 to 12 cases are reported daily, 90% of the victims are bitten by stray dogs whereas 70% of them have severe wounds.
The first aid is critical in animal bite cases and greatly reduces the risk of rabies. Before the dog-bite victim is taken to a hospital, the wound should be washed and scrubbed right away with flowing water and soap thoroughly. Since the virus is present in the saliva, this measure would minimize the risk of rabies. If soap is not available, one can use water. The wound should be allowed to bleed, which also helps in preventing infection. After the wound is thoroughly washed, spirit or tincture of iodine should be applied. The wound should then be covered lightly with a gauze and tape and the victim should be taken to a hospital right away.

A doctor should always avoid stitching the wound because it helps the virus to remain in the body and spread. Only if the wound is too big, the doctor should go for loose stitching. Secondly, the WHO recommended treatment should be asked for. This means the administration of Tissue Culture Vaccine (TCV) instead of Sheep Brain Vaccine (SBV). If the wound is severe, the victim should be immediately administered Rabies Immunoglobulin (RIG) and then TCV. The chance of the dog being infected with rabies reduces when it appears healthy, and there is a firm history of vaccination with a mini-mum of two immunizations with a potent rabies vaccine. On the other hand, treatment should be considered urgent if there is any possibility of the dog being rabid or has escaped or there is a doubt about its immunizations history.
“Once the Symptoms of rabies set in, there is no cure”
While the poor residing in  urban areas do find some relief as there are organizations and philanthropists working for poor patients’ welfare, the situation is alarming in rural areas. For instance Badin is amongst the worst hit area in the terms of dogs and snake bite cases.
A similar situation exists in Khairpur. Voicing concern at the apathy of the higher authorities, Shahab-Uddin Sheikh, EDO Health Khairpur, says, The NIH vaccine is always in short supply. If we ask for 200 vials they don't give us even 50. The imported vaccine is very expensive and we can't afford to buy them from our own budget. They should be a separate allocation for life-saving drugs as we had earlier, before the establishment of the local governments. Given the problems the dog-bite victims face, many believe that efforts towards preventing the disease should be initiated by targeting stray dogs, the main source of infection.

Though experts say that mass sterilization is the best technique to control dog population, many believe that it's not a viable option hero. "Though it's cruel to kill animals, unfortunately, it seems to be the only workable option here since the government does not have the expertise, staff and the money to sterilize dog population. Besides, sterilization will not prevent an infected dog from biting and transferring the rabies virus.
However, at the same time, it is necessary to make people feel that they should avoid provoking stray animals and they must teach children not to annoy stray dogs. After all there is some sense in 'letting sleeping dogs lie.'

English teaching in Hyderabad (corrected and old piece)

Corrected 

 Name: Jawad Ahmed

 Roll no: 2k14/MC/39

 Article: Chain of English Language Institutions.

"CHAIN OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE INSTITUTIONS"

Practically English is the official language in Pakistan but legally it is not. In Government offices, Private companies, Government or private schools, Colleges and universities, English language is used. English is the second language. It is a language which is used in all over the world. Learning a language is a good habit.

In Pakistan, English language is compulsory in every field. Now-a-days, everyone wants to learn English language because to improve their English communication and writing skills. For this purpose youngsters moves towards English language institutions. The institutions make profit from them. The teachers who teaches English in these institutions have done their bachelor or master degree in English language or literature from different universities of Sindh province like University Of Sindh, University Of Karachi or etc. For earning purpose these teachers then heads towards these institutions. We find many institutions and their branches in different areas. They are teaching English in their institutions. But; if we put glance in their institutions, can we really say that they are teaching English language sincerely or just they make profit. Every English language institutions have some criteria. They have different packages. They teaches English to students for 3 to 4 months then, the course completed.

English language is a vast language and no one can teaches English in 3 to 4 months. It requires a huge time to learn and understand and grip of a language. The important thing is the fee structure of these institutions of minimum 3000 admission fee and 2000 monthly fee. These English academies are just giving certificates and promote their academies. After learning English about 3 to 4 months, can we say that we understand and write English very well? No and never! There are air conditioned classes and a good environment but there is no any sufficient teaching of English language to the student. They advertised their institutions on television and on social media to get more and more students. English is not a game of some weeks or months. It requires some time to understand English and it is done by practice. A man or women good in English language, If he or she do not practice it then obviously they may forget some techniques and skills of English language. It is practice game.

There are approximately 19 to 20 academies in Latifabad and also their branches in different areas. They have made the chain of institutions. They have made different branches in different areas to promote their Centre and earn more and more money. English language institutions have some additional courses. In summer vacations and winter vacations they start short English courses for making more money. Many of the students took admission because they think instead of wasting time it is good to take admission. But it is useless for youngsters because the teachers are teaching short course or limited course and it is not helpful in character building of language in student. It is a new way of entrepreneurship that moves upward day by day and it is a modern way of business.

Youngster have to think thoroughly about their future and career building and about that matter, whether these institutions are helpful in their character building and improve language and writing skills or just these institutions are wasting their precious time.  

  
Practically English is official language in pakistan, but  legally it is not.  Only proper noun should be with capital 
Jawad Ahmed

 Roll no: 2k14/MC/39

 Article: Chain of English Language teaching Institutions.

"CHAIN OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE INSTITUTIONS"

what is level of  tutors? 

English is the official language of Pakistan. In Government offices, Private companies, Government or private schools, Colleges and universities, English language is used. English is the second language. It is a language which is used in all over the world. Learning a language is a good habit.

In Pakistan, English language is compulsory in every field. Now-a-days, everyone wants to learn English language because to improve their English communication and writing skills. For this purpose youngsters moves towards English language institutions. The institutions make profit from them. We find many institutions and their branches in different areas. They are teaching English in their institutions. But; if we put glance in their institutions, can we really say that they are teaching English language sincerely or just they make profit. Every English language institutions have some criteria. They have different packages. They teaches English to students for 3 to 4 months then, the 
 course completed.

English language is a vast language and no one can teaches English in 3 to 4 months. It requires a 
huge time to learn and understand and grip of a language. The important thing is the fee structure of these institutions of minimum 3000 admission fee and 2000 monthly fee. These English academies are just giving certificates and promote their academies. After learning English about 3 to 4 months, can we say that we understand and write English very well? No and never! There are air conditioned classes and a good environment but there is no any sufficient teaching of English language to the student. They advertised their institutions on television and on social media to get more and more students. English is not a game of some weeks or months. It requires some time to understand English and it is done by practice. A man or women good in English language, If he or she do not practice it then obviously they may forget some techniques and skills of English language. It is practice game.

There are approximately 19 to 20 academies in Latifabad and also their branches in different areas. They have made the chain of institutions. They have made different branches in different areas to promote their Centre and earn more and more money. English language institutions have some additional courses. In summer vacations and winter vacations they start short English courses for making more money. Many of the students took admission because they think instead of wasting time it is good to take admission. But it is useless for youngsters because the teachers are teaching short course or limited course and it is not helpful in character building of language in student. It is a new way of entrepreneurship that moves upward day by day and it is a modern way of business.

Youngster have to think thoroughly about their future and career building and about that matter, whether these institutions are helpful in their character building and improve language and writing skills or just these institutions are wasting their precious time.  

article by fatima mustafa

Ensure, is it according to approved out line.  What is new  phenomena in violence against women?
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN WOMEN

By: Fatima Mustafa

Roll no: 2k14/MC/27

We live in a diverse environment where Violence Against Women  is big social problem not only in Pakistan but in other countries of the world like India and Australia. 'If we educate a women we educate whole nation'  but in our country women are not given equal rights as in Islam. They are treated  like slaves of men and she always sacrifice as a daughter,  as a mother or as a wife or as a women.  When in any home baby girl is born they are killed by men in villages because they think she will be disgrace for them only  because she is girl.

A group of local Women Right's in Pakistan says that number of incidents in Pakistan has increased in the past year about seven percent. In Pakistan Women are unequally treated and are supposed to be inferior and weak. This impact of violence and discrimination felt in number of ways.  Thousands of women are being  kidnapped,  murdered and raped in Pakistan every year. According  to recent report of Pakistan Aurat foundation group pakistan's infrastructure problems and ineffective justice with old age culture practices means that violence against women is not being addressed.  Most of the victims that reported were teenage girls.  There were also married and unmarried and aged womens.  The crime includes murder,  'Honour killings' , instigation to suicide,  torture,  rape and acid throwing.

The research overall glimpse of the situation of violence against women in the pakistan in 2011. Four years back from today fourth annual report shows that 8539 women became victims in 2011 and there was an overall 6.74 % increase in reported cases of violence against women in the pakistan.  First Gender Parity  Report  shows that there has been 20 % increase in cases of violence in  women every year from 2012 to 2015 which state 5,391 cases in 2012 and 6,505 in 2015 and in which  1,73 women were killed in Honour based crime.

In 2016, Violence against women is increasing in Pakistan as well in India. If we talk about pakistan  in 2016 according to Federal Ministry of Law, 933 cases of honour killing came to highlight in which 602 were in sindh alone in past two years.  Honour Based Violence Awareness Network cites suggest that every year 1000 cases of honour killing are being listed everyyear. In recent  few days ago 22 years of old a girl commited suicide on 29 july in the PC hotel on The Mall Road the reason came behind girls suicide was she was mentally torturing by a men to get married him and then she found dead in the washroom of the five star hotel.  Who will be responsible for this action? ,the girl who suicide or the man who force her for marry?  In our own country girls are not saved, even in our own homes we are not save.  The men choose easy target his mother, sister, daughter, and wives who forget them easily and gave them second, third and fourth chances but the girl who want to live their own life and choose  profession of their own choice or want to marry the men of their age, background, profession and they are being killed by their own brother, father,  son, husband on the so called 'Honour Killing' . 

Another honour killing in punjab of famous social media sensation Qandeel Baloch in 2016  by his own brother.  Qandeel baloch was from  one of the pakistan local women who was treated unfair  by her family, husband and got forcefully married to an uneducated man when she was only 17. She belong  to middle class family of Dera Ghazi Khan,  Multan and she was like every other  women  but the torture given to her by husband and in laws she have to became Qandeel Baloch  from Fauzia . She  wants  to be self dependent and she thought she can support her  family and old parents. In press conference Qandeel Baloch told to media that 'My Boldness is my Revenge' . If media allow her to live like Qandeel Baloch she was not killed by her brother. She ask for security but she didn't get secured and her own brother kill her at night when her parents were sleeping . Is Boldness of any women is crime?  If it is so then definitely Qandeel Baloch was the criminal and every other girl in our society who want to fight for herself and her rights will become criminal in our society and they will be punished like Qandeel Baloch. Its not only about Qandeel  Baloch it is about every girl who is being punished by their own family men. Another Honour killing take place in july 26 in punjab with a women by her father and ex-husband because she was separated from her ex-husband.  Samia Shahid a British woman who had been  into visiting Pakistan  and was killed by her family .  Her husband Syed Mukhtiar Kazam,  alleging that Samia had been killed by her father, because she had divorced the man whom they had chosen for her. She aquiesed to her family's wishes  and married the man of her own choice thats why they make plan to call her Pakistan and said her father is not well and killed her.

Violence against Women didn't  only happened in Punjab but also occurs in Sindh as well.  A women succumbed to her injuries after beaten by her husband with stones in Tando Muhammad Khan and she was shifted to Civil Hospital of Tando Muhammad  Khan on 26 july.  Senior Superintendent Police Sethar said that motive behind this patriarchal is still not ascertained. Women's are being victim not only by killing them but also by throwing acid on them. One of the most horrifying forms of gender based violence is throwing acid usually Sulphuric Acid,  which is king of all acids specifically thrown on womens to harm them and take  revenge from them.  Nearly 150 cases of acids  throwing  take place every year in Pakistan in which mostly take place in Balochistan.  It also take place in Punjab as well as in Sindh.  In 2010 Parliament  pass Bill against Acid throwing Control And Crime Prevention.

In our country the sad reality is we live in society  where crime is increasingly present ever.  We must be aware of people in our society.  Awareness  of ourselves, our surrounding as well. Self defence training is important for every young girl and women to protect them selves from cruel  and fights for their rights.  If a women want they can change the whole generation they can educate their sons and  daughters and gave them teachings of islam and equality status of women. In February, 2016 Punjab Assembly had been passed  Bill violence against women and the bill contains remidies for victims and special centers for women where they are  trained and criminalises all kinds of violence against women.  Government  need to be act on these violence  its not only the responsibility of government . But its our and media people responsibility we also act on these violence and stop people from thinking that they can harm womens. In any case of violence against women we do not give  any picture of victim women on media but upload picture of criminal so that who ever see them on social media or in newspapers they seek lesson from the criminals. We must protects girls/women in our society according to teaching of Islam and let them do what they want to be and with whom they want to be. 

playing cricket on roads by amin emmanuel

In Ramzan this phenomena is more popular. Narrow dwn  or specific reference of Hyd  and karachi or soem other city of sindh. 

Amin Emmanuel

2k14/mc/6

Article

Trend of Playing Cricket on Road

Cricket is very popular game and being playing all over the world.  Its become an interesting game for  every age like old, young, and for kids. Therefore trend of playing cricket on road has been increased.

Almost every major cricket star from Pakistan seems to have begun playing  cricket on street and on the road just as most south American foot balers usually grow up playing the game on beaches and cramped through fares Pakistan kids get their first taste of competitive cricket on the road

Playing cricket on road is an almost entirely south Asian phenomenon,  popular in countries like other country. This is because in countries lacking adequate ground and playing fields forcing kids to use roads and street to play their cricket on, but if we further narrow down the frequency and popularity of this phenomenon , Pakistan should to[p the list of countries where road cricket is a regular event. Almost every major cricket start from 1970 s on words who has represented and risen in this cricket loving nation begun moving on to play the game at proper cricket grounds but is road cricket a recent phenomenon and it always a part of Pakistan’s cricketing culture.

In autobiography Javed mian dad the greatest Batsman produced by Pakistan , mention that he first started to play cricket as a kid on the road of Karachi it means road cricket was being played even before the 1970 .

Since cricket began to become more popular than hockey in Pakistan, I noticed that more and more kids starting to play the game on streets

Today it’s quiet common to see everyone from young man to kids playing cricket on road in the evening using a series of hastily lived up fluorescent bulbs and tube light rented from nearby electric shop.

Through the tennis ball would swing a lot in the air it would hardly do anything off their wicket rather off the road. Struggled to generate any worthy pace with it unless one was playing in a compound or a street surround by houses or building blocking the breeze that would slow down the light weight tennis ball.

Road cricket is quiet different in rule and regulation while loosely based upon the game of cricket, many expect one improvised. The playing ground, the rules , the teams and the equipments quiet often there are no team at all .

The player takes turn at batting and there is often no emphasis on actually scoring runs. The bet can be anything as long as; it hit the ball and can be suitably held in the hands. however usage of a bat is necessary, a ball is the other essential item, tennis balls are often used due to the fact that they are less likely to inflict injuries than cricket ball they are also much cheaper and more readily available than a leather cricket ball and are easier to hit due to their slower air speed and relative lightness. Tennis balls also bounce more than normal cricket balls, especially at low speeds. The pitch can be any stretch of ground that is reasonably flat.

The wicket may be any convenient object a chair, a card board box a set of long twigs or sticks, a rubbish bin, tree  or a drawing on the wall, often the wicket is by no means close to the official size , but it used anyway. A wicket at the non strikers end is generally a single stump if proper stumps are available and in the absence of large objects may be just a hat or shoe, its main purpose is to mark the bowlers crease but can be instrumented when there are two batters and one may be run out.

Peak of road cricket starts in Ramzan. Often matches start after fajr prayers when the fast begins. Sometimes they are played between the afternoons Asar prayers till the time to breakfast at sunset.

The vast majority of the action however, is from midnight till sahree, just before the start of the fast at dawn. 

Well, Pakistan has a lot of natural talent but my theory is that this talent should be nourished in schools and in proper cricket academy.

While playing on road causes, road accident and serious injuries because boys play a consciously on the road and do not caring about the vehicles and pedestrian which is dangerous for both of them who are playing and for them who passed by them.

While playing on road accident I meet one of group of street cricket and asked them why you people like to play on road though it is very dangerous for you and for others also. They sad cricket is our passion we want to play cricket in the ground and in the stadium but due to lacking of adequate ground we are compel to play on road. They further sad people frown upon children who play cricket on road and on the streets.

When a ball is bowled the batsman hit a shot and the ball fall in the front of people who are walking by, sometimes hit the vehicles too. Although the ball do not hit them but their responses very disappointing.

In a country, where there are no play grounds and few entertainment opportunities we must appreciate these boys.